EF-Tu mRNA as a marker for viability of bacteria

ABSTRACT

The present invention is related to the detection of bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, in human or animal body fluids such as blood, sputum and urine. The present invention provides a method for assessing the viability of bacteria such as  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  without the need for propagation of the bacteria. The method of the present invention is in particular useful for assessing the viability of Mycobacteria species such as are  M. tuberculosis  or  M. leprae.  With the present invention oligonucleotides are provided that can be used as primers and probes for the amplification of bacterial EF-Tu mRNA. The use of the oligonucleotides according to the invention is not limited to any particular amplification technique or any particular modification thereof. It is evident that the oligonucleotides according to the invention find their use in many different nucleic aid amplification techniques and various methods for detecting the presence of (amplified) bacterial EF-Tu mRNA.

The present invention is related to the detection of bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, in human or animal body fluids such as blood, sputum and urine. The present invention provides a method for assessing the viability of bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis without the need for propagation of the bacteria.

For example, tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health problem in many countries world-wide with particular significance in developing countries. Tuberculosis control programmes are faced with an increased burden of cases, a shift towards diagnostically more difficult categories of patients such as extrapulmonary and smear-negative cases, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Improved diagnosis would be a valuable contribution in the struggle to solve this global public health emergency.

The method of the present invention is concerned with the amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences.

Nucleic acid amplification reactions promise to reduce the time for diagnosis from weeks to hours, while surpassing the sensitivity and specificity of the classical methods. Besides their potential value in diagnosis, amplification reactions offer the possibility of a rapid identification and drug-susceptibility determination. Amplification of DNA target molecules to a detectable level by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the best analyzed system for detecting Mycobacteria.

The “Polymerase Chain Reaction” (PCR) is described in European patent applications EP 200362 and EP 201148. PCR is a cyclic process which has double stranded DNA as target. Each cycle in the PCR process starts with the separation of a double stranded DNA target in its two complementary strands. To each strand a primer will anneal and DNA polymerases present will extend the primers along the DNA strand to which it annealed thus forming two new DNA duplexes. When the reaction mixture is heated the strands of the DNA duplexes will be separated again and a new PCR cycle can start. Thus, the PCR process produces multiple DNA copies of a DNA target. Amplification using PCR, can also be based on an RNA template. The actual PCR needs to be preceded by a reverse transcription step to copy the RNA into DNA (RT-PCR). However, if RT-PCR is used for the detection of transcripts differentiation of mRNA- and DNA-derived PCR products is necessary. DNAse treatment prior to RT-PCR can be employed (Bitsch, A. et al., J Infect. Dis 167, 740-743., 1993; Meyer, T. et al., Mol. Cell Probes. 8, 261-271., 1994), but sometimes fails to remove contaminating DNA sufficiently [Bitsch, A. et al., 1993].

More recently a different class of nucleic acid amplification methods namely the “transcription based amplification techniques” was developed. The techniques involve the transcription of multiple RNA copies from a template comprising a promoter recognized by an RNA polymerase. Said copies are used as input for further amplification. Such methods have been described by Gingeras et al. in WO88/10315 and Burg et al. in WO89/1050. Isothermal transcription based amplification techniques have been described by Davey et al. in EP 323822 (relating to the NASBA method), by Gingeras et al. in EP 373960 and by Kacian et al. in EP 408295 (the TMA method). Transcription based amplification reactions may also be performed with thermostable enzymes. Such a thermostable method is described in EP 682121 filed in the name of Toyo Boseki KK.

The isothermal transcription based nucleic acid amplification techniques have been utilized to detect mycobacteria, such as the NASBA method [Vliet, G. M. E. van der, Schukkink, R. A. F., Gemen, B. van, Schepers, P. and Klatser, P. R. (1993) Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) for the identification of mycobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 2423-2429.] and another transcription-mediated RNA amplification test (TMA)[Jonas, V., Alden, M. J., Curry, J. I., Kamisango, K., Knott, C. A., Lankford, R., Wolfe, J. and Moore, D. F. (1993) Detection and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum sediments by amplification of rRNA. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 241] both targeted at 16S ribosomal RNA.

Amplification reactions targeted at the 16S rRNA or the gene encoding it are usually directed to a conserved region which comprises species-specific variable sequences [Vliet, G. M. E. van der, Schukkink, R. A. F., Gemen, B. van, Schepers, P. and Klatser, P. R. (1993) Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) for the identification of mycobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 2423-2429., Jonas, V., Alden, M. J., Curry, J. I., Kamisango, K., Knott, C. A., Lankford, R., Wolfe, J. and Moore, D. F. (1993) Detection and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum sediments by amplification of rRNA. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 241]. They have the advantage that a single amplification reaction can identify the mycobacterial species. An additional advantage of the transcription-mediated RNA amplification assays targeted at 16S rRNA, is the high number of target molecules per cell−±2000; sensitivity is thereby favoured.

Since RNA, especially mRNA, has a generally much shorter half-life time than DNA, its detection may be useful for the assessment of the viability of mycobacteria [Moore, D. F., Curry, J. I., Knott, C. A. and Jonas, V. (1996) Amplification of rRNA for assessment of treatment response of pulmonary tuberculosis patients during antimicrobial therapy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 1745-1749., Vliet, G. M. E. van der, Schepers, P., Schukkink, R. A. F., Gemen, B. van and Klatser, P. R. (1994) Assessment of mycobacterial viability by RNA amplification. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 1959-1965.], which is relevant to the problems of resistance against drugs and contagiousness of the patient.

The present invention is based on the detection of mRNA encoding the elongation factor EF-Tu.

The elongation factor EF-Tu is essential in (myco)bacterial translation. Elongation factors play an ancillary role in the elongation step of translation and are thus an indicator of the cell's metabolic activity. For every translation EF-Tu is required. The amount of EF-Tu protein can be as high as 50% of their total protein content in active proliferating cells.

EF-Tu encoding gene sequences (DNA) have been used as a marker to detect the presence of bacterial cells.

In EP133288 a method is disclosed for the detection of bacterial DNA with a probe comprising a base sequence of at least a portion of one of the strands of a tuf or fus gene. Southern blot hybridization of the digested mycoplasmal DNAs with the elongation factor (EF-Tu) gene tuf of E.coli was used as a basis to detect polymorphism in mycoplasma strains.[Yogev et al. FEMS Microbiol.Lett., 50(2-3), 145-9, 1988].

A PCR based assays for the detection of Mycoplasma tuberculosis, and Mycoplasma fermentans using the gene encoding elongation factor Tu (tuf) as the target sequence had also been described [Berg et al.,Mol.Cell.Probes, 10(1), 7-14, 1996 and Luneberg et al., J.Clin.Microbiol., 31(5), 1088-94, 1993].

The present invention, however, is concerned with the detection of EF-Tu mRNA as a marker for bacterial viability.

The present invention thus provides a method for the assessment of bacterial viability whereby mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu is used as a target in a nucleic acid amplification reaction and the presence and/or amount of said mRNA is determined.

The presumably short-lived mRNA coding for the EF-Tu is most likely highly abundant in the (myco)bacterial cell and a decrease therein will indicate a decline in metabolic activity. Furthermore, because of the EF-Tu's essential role, it is plausible to assume that it is present in all mycobacterial species, allowing the development of a general amplification system with species-specific primers and/or probes, analogous to the 16S rRNA NASBA design [Vliet, G. M. E. van der, Schukkink, R. A. F., Gemen, B. van, Schepers, P. and Klatser, P. R. (1993) Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) for the identification of mycobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 2423-24291.].

With the method of the present invention, preferably a transcription based amplification technique, such a NASBA, is used for the amplification of the bacterial EF-Tu mRNA. In contrast to RT-PCR, NASBA, which is based on RNA transcription by T7 RNA polymerase (Kievits et al., 1991; Compton, 1991), does not need differentiation between RNA- and DNA-derived amplification products since it uses RNA as its principal target.

The amplified products may be detected using a complementary labeled probe.

Numerous protocols have been described for the detection of amplified products [Klatser, P R. (1995) Amplification reactions in mycobacteriology. J. Microbiol. Meth. 23, 75-87.]. Preferably homogeneous assays are used, because they would allow amplification reaction mixtures to be sealed before amplification is initiated. One such system, electro-chemiluminescence (ECL), has already been succesfully applied to detect amplified products in NASBA [Gemen, B. van, Beuningen, R. van, Nabbe, A., Strijp, D. van, Jurriaans, S., Lens, P., Kievits, T. (1994) A one-tube quantitative HIV-I RNA NASBA nucleic acid amplification assay using electrochemiluminescent (ECL) labelled probes. J. Virol. Methods, 49, 157-167.].

The method of the present invention is in particular useful for assessing the viability of Mycobacteria species such as are M. tuberculosis or M. leprae.

With the present invention oligonucleotides are also provided that can be used as primers and probes for the amplification of bacterial EF-Tu mRNA.

The use of the oligonucleotides according to the invention is not limited to any particular amplification technique or any particular modification thereof. It is evident that the oligonucleotides according to the invention find their use in many different nucleic acid amplification techniques and various methods for detecting the presence of (amplified) bacterial EF-Tu mRNA. The oligonucleotides of the present invention can likewise be used in quantitative amplification methods. An example of such quantitative method is described in EP 525882.

The term “oligonucleotide” as used herein refers to a molecule comprised of two or more deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides. Such oligonucleotides may be used as primers and probes.

Of course, based on the sequences of the oligonucleotides of the present invention, analogues of oligonucleotides can also be prepared. Such analogues may constitute alternative structures such as “PNA” (molecules with a peptide-like backbone instead of the phosphate sugar backbone of normal nucleic acid) or the like. It is evident that these alternative structures, representing the sequences of the present invention are likewise part of the present invention.

The term “primer” as used herein refers to an oligonucleotide either naturally occurring (e.g. as a restriction fragment) or produced synthetically, which is capable of acting as a point of initiation of synthesis of a primer extension product which is complementary to a nucleic acid strand (template or target sequence) when placed under suitable conditions (e.g. buffer, salt, temperature and pH) in the presence of nucleotides and an agent for nucleic acid polymerization, such as DNA dependent or RNA dependent polymerase. A primer must be sufficiently long to prime the synthesis of extension products in the presence of an agent for polymerization. A typical primer contains at least about 10 nucleotides in length of a sequence substantially complementary or homologous to the target sequence, but somewhat longer primers are preferred. Usually primers contain about 15-26 nucleotides but longer primers may also be employed, especially when the primers contain additional sequences such as a promoter sequence for a particular polymerase.

Normally a set of primers will consist of at least two primers, one ‘upstream’ and one ‘downstream’ primer which together define the amplificate (the sequence that will be amplified using said primers).

Primarily for the use in transcription based amplification techniques, the oligonucleotides according to the invention may also be linked to a promoter sequence. The term “promoter sequence” defines a region of a nucleic acid sequence that is specifically recognized by an RNA polymerase that binds to a recognized sequence and initiates the process of transcription by which an RNA transcript is produced. In principle any promoter sequence may be employed for which there is a known and available polymerase that is capable of recognizing the initiation sequence. Known and useful promoters are those that are recognized by certain bacteriophage RNA polymerases such as bacteriophage T3, T7 or SP6. Oligonucleotides linked to a promoter sequence are commonly referred to as “promoter primers”.

Oligonucleotides according to the invention are substantially complementary to a sequence of a bacterial EF-Tu mRNA sequence, said oligonucleotide being 10-50 nucleotides in length and comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of one of the sequences depicted in SEQ ID 1-8 or the complementary sequence thereof.

Oligonucleotides comprising (a part of) SEQ ID's 1 and 2 have proven to be suitable for the amplification of Ef-Tu mRNA sequences of M. tuberculosis. In the event amplification is carried out with a transcription based amplification technique one of said oligonucleotides may also comprise a promoter sequence. Of course, such “promoter-oligonucleotides” are likewise art of the invention. In the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID 9 the T7 promoter has been linked to the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID 1. In the experimental part of this application these sequences are indicated as TUF15 (SEQ ID 9) and TUF 18 (SEQ ID 2).

The present invention also provides a pair of oligonucleotides for the amplification of M. leprae derived EF-Tu sequences. This pair consists of an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence as. depicted in SEQ ID 3 and an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID 4 respectively.

Again, for use in transcription based methods, one of the oligonucleotides may be linked to a promoter sequence, and an oligonucleotide provided with the T7 promoter sequence is depicted in SEQ ID 10. In the experimental part of the application such a pair is referred to as TUF 20 (SEQ ID 10) and TUF 22 (SEQ ID 4).

The present invention further provides a pair of oligonucleotides that are suitable for the amplification of E. coli derived EF-Tu sequences.

This pair consists of an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence. as depicted in SEQ ID 5 and an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID 6 respectively.

Again, for use in transcription based methods, one of the oligonucleotides may be linked to a promoter sequence, and an oligonucleotide provided with. the T7 promoter sequence is depicted in SEQ ID 11. In the experimental part of the application such a pair is referred to as TUF 27 (SEQ ID. 11) and TUF 27 (SEQ ID 6).

These oligonucleotides are thus especially useful in the assessment of the viability of M.tuberculosis, M.Leprae or E.coli.

It is understood that oligonucleotides consisting of the sequences of the present invention may contain minor deletions, additions and/or substitutions of nucleic acid bases, to the extent that such alterations do not negatively affect the yield or product obtained to a significant degree. Where oligonucleotides according to the present invention are used as probes, the alterations should not result in lowering the hybridization efficiency of the probe.

For example, in case of transcription based amplification techniques, wherein one or more of the primers may be provided with a promoter sequence, the introduction of a purine-rich (=G or A) hybridizing sequence, just after the promoter sequence may have positive effects on the transcription (when there are C's and T's abortive transcription may occur). If no such sequence is available in the target nucleic acid a purine-rich sequence can be inserted in the oligonucleotide just following the last three G residues of the promoter sequence.

The sequences of the present invention are reflected as DNA sequences. The RNA equivalents of these sequences are likewise part of the present invention.

Part of the oligonucleotides according to the invention are particularly suitable for use as a probe in the detection of nucleic acid amplified with a pair of oligonucleotides according to the invention. When used as a probe, said oligonucleotides may be provided with a detectable label. Various labeling moieties are known in the art. Said moiety may, for example, either be a radioactive compound, a detectable enzyme (e.g. horse radish peroxidase (HRP)), a hapten like biotin, or any other moiety capable of generating a detectable signal such as a calorimetric, fluorescent, chemiluminescent or electrochemiluminescent signal.

Hybrids between oligonucleotides according to the invention and (amplified) target nucleic acid may also be detected by other methods known to those skilled in the art. Oligonucleotides according to the invention that are especially suitable as a probe for the detection of Mycobacterial Ef-Tu sequences consist essentially of the sequences as depicted in SEQ ID 7 and 8 (In the experimental part said sequences are depicted as TUF 25 and TUF 26 respectively.).

Together these probes can be used in a sandwich hybridization assay, whereby one can be used as capture probe and the other can be labeled with a detectable label.

A test kit for the detection of Mycobacterial EF-Tu mRNA in a sample is likewise part of the present invention. Such a kit may comprise

a pair of oligonucleotides according to the invention and at least one oligonucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence substantially complementary to at least part of the amplified nucleic acid sequence, provided with a detectable label, as well as suitable amplification reagents.

These reagents are for example the suitable enzymes for carrying out the amplification reaction. A kit, adapted for use with NASBA for example, may contain suitable amounts of reverse transcriptase, RNase H and T7 RNA polymerase. Said enzymes may be present in the kit in a buffered solution but can likewise be provided as a lyophilized composition, for example, a lyophilized spherical particle. Such lyophilized particles have been disclosed in PCT appl. no. WO95/27721. The kit may further be furnished with buffer compositions, suitable for carrying out an amplification reaction. Said buffers may be optimized for the particular amplification technique for which the kit is intended as well as for use with the particular oligonucleotides that are provided with the kit. In transcription based amplification techniques, such as NASBA, said buffers may contain, for example, DMSO, which enhances the amplification reaction (as is disclosed in PCT appl. no. WO 91/02818).

Furthermore the kit may be provided with an internal control as a check on the amplification procedure and to prevent the occurrence of false negative test results due to failures in the amplification procedure. The use of internal controls in transcription based amplification techniques is described in PCT appl. no. WO 94/04706. An optimal control sequence is selected in such a way that it will not compete with the target nucleic acid in the amplification reaction. Kits may also contain reagents for the isolation of nucleic acid from biological specimen prior to amplification. A suitable method for the isolation of nucleic acid is disclosed in EP389063.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1a: The analytical sensitivity of NASBA using in vitro produced mycobacterial EF-Tu RNA.

FIG. 1b: The analytical sensitivity of NASBA using in vitro produced mycobacterial EF-Tu RNA.

FIG. 2: Specificity of the M. tuberculosis NASBA.

FIG. 3: Specificity of the M. leprae NASBA.

FIG. 4: NASBA for viability assessment.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Selection of primers and probes for the amplification of EF-Tu mRNA of M. tuberculosis, M. leprae and E. coli:

Sources of RNA. Table 1 shows the sources of RNAs that were used in the experiments described in this and the following examples. The cultivable mycobacteria were grown on Löwenstein-Jensen slants for 2-3 weeks. M. leprae was isolated from spleen tissue of an experimentally infected armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus Linn.), as recommended by the World Health Organization [WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy. (1988) Sixth Report Tech. Rep. Ser. 8. 768. World Health Organization, Geneva.]. Other bacteria which might be found in human and/or animal samples or which are closely related to mycobacteria (see Table 1), were used for controls. For Actinomyces israelii lyophilized bacteria were used. The strains used for the production of in vitro RNA are described below.

TABLE 1 Sources of RNA and specificity of NASBA ECL signal M. tuberculosis ECL signal Species Strain/source Origin primers M. leprae primers 1. Mycobacterium africanum myc 5544 RIVM 20810 + 2065 − 2. Mycobacterium avium 3875 (serovar 2) RIVM 1523 − 1031 − 1344 1217 3. Mycobacterium bovis 8316 RIVM 1E+08 + 970 − 2109782 1006 4. Mycobacterium bovis ATCC 19210 RIVM 36497 + 1964 − 246050 5. Mycobacterium bovis BCG ATCC 35733 SSI 117186 + 1089 − 472834 1069 6. Mycobacterium intracellulare IWGMT3 (serovar4) RIVM 1322 − 920 − 1310 1052 7. Mycobacterium kansasii 1012 RIVM 1418 − 1060 − 1341 1135 8. Mycobacterium leprae Armadillo isolate KIT 1001 − 1543836 + 3592 1E+08 9. Mycobacterium 138601-24 CDI 1146 − 851 − paratuberculosis 1125 1019 10. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum 3442 RIVM 1143 − 870 − 1167 1097 11. Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468 RIVM 1365 − 954 − 1289 1058 12. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4514 RIVM 401796 + 902 − 24398 1914 13. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV RIVM 144963 + 2051 − 14. Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. tub 193 KIT 1417077 + 501 − 15. Actinomyces israelii 103.62 CBS 886 − 972 − 1104 1974 16. Corynebacterium belfanti Clinical isolate AMC 1048 − 966 − 1029 1818 17. Corynebacterium J. K. Clinical isolate AMC 1108 − 966 − 1113 2082 18. Eschericia coli Clinical isoiate AMC 1129 − 884 − 1062 2219 18a. Eschericia coli INVaF′ Invitrogen NT NT (K2000-01) 19. Haemophilus influenza Clinical isolate AMC 1097 − 1042 − 1113 2085 20. Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical isolate AMC 1137 − 1022 − 1117 1957 21. Legionella pneumophila Clinical isolate AMC 1017 − 999 − 954 1914 22. Nocardia asteroides Clinical isolate AMC 970 − 1239 − 1037 2079 23. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical isolate AMC 981 − 965 − 937 1757 24. Staphylococcus aureus Clinical isolate AMC 932 − 967 − 1006 2214 25. Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical isolate AMC 909 − 977 − 985 2081 26. Homo sapiens Placenta AMC 1041 − 2073 − 27. Homo sapiens Placenta Pharmacia 991 − 1986 − Lot no. BD 41091901 28. In Vitro RNA 1054 764 bp in PCR-II KIT 409019 + 2088 − Mycobacterium tuberculosis vector 1E+08 809 H37RV pTHT 1054 (plasmid) S1418 (strain INVaF′) 29. In Vitro RNA 1055 764 bp in PCR-II KIT 992 − 1431525 + Mycobacterium leprae vector 764 624966 Armadillo isolate pTHT 1055 (plasmid) S1419 (strain INVaF′) 30. In Vitro RNA 1057 764 bp in PCR-II KIT 986 − 1896 − Eschericia coli vector 984 776 Clinical isolate pTHT 1057 (plasmid) S1420 (strain INVaF′) 31. Water purified according to Baker 1194 − 1136 − Boom et al. 1991 [9] 960 2062 32. Water Baker 995 − 2256 − 678 612 AMC = Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CBS = Netherlands Culture Collections of Micro-Organisms, Baarn, The Netherlands; CDI = Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands; KIT = Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; RIVM = National Institute of Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; SSI = Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; ATCC = American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, USA.

Nucleic acid (NA) isolation. To perform the experiments described in all examples nucleic adds were isolated as we described previously [Vliet, G. M. E. van der, Schepers, P., Schukkink, R. A. F., Gemen, B. van and Klatser, P. R. (1994) Assessment of mycobacterial viability by RNA amplification. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 1959-1965.]. In summary, all bacterial strains were adjusted to the turbidity equivalent of no. 4 McFarland barium sulphate nephelometer standard as described earlier [Verstijnen, C. P. H. J., H. M. Ly, K. Polman, C. Richter, S. P. Smits, S. Y. Maselle, P. Peerbooms, D. Rienthong, N. Montreewasuwat, S. Koanjanart, D. D. Trach, S. Kuijper, and A. H. J. Kolk (1991) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for identification of mycobacteria from early cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29, 1372-1375.]. Fifty μl of the diluted samples contained approximately 10⁵ viable mycobacteria as determined by counting the number of colony-forming units (not done for M. leprae). This volume was used for lysis and NA-isolation according to “protocol Y/SC” described by Boom et al. (1990) [Boom, R., C. J. A. Sol, M. M. M. Salimans, C. L. Jansen, P. M. E. Wertheim-Van Dillen and J. Van der Noordaa (1990). Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28, 495-503.]. The NA were eluted from the silica with 50 μl or 100 μl RNAse-free H₂O and stored at −20° C.

Human placental NA were isolated in a similar fashion (kindly provided by Dr. H. Smits, Department of Virology, Academic Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Two μl containing 270 ng NA was tested. This amount corresponds to approximately 4×10⁵ diploid human cells. Another batch of human NA was obtained commercially from Pharmacia (Uppsala, Sweden).

Example 2

Sensitivity and specificity of NASBA in the amplification of EF-Tu mRNA of M.tuberculosis, M.leprae and E.coli:

Selection of primers and probes. The primers and probes used in this study are listed in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Primers and probes Primer/ probe Origin Position Sequence (5′-3′) TUF 4 MTTUF 1302-1284 GTR CGG AAG TAG AAC TGC G TUF 7 MTTUF 539-560 GAC IIC CCI GGI CAC GCC GAC T TUF 3F MTTUF 917-936 Fluorescein-GAC AAG CCG TTC CTG MTG CC TUF 4F MTTUF 1302-1284 Fluorescein-GTR CGG AAG TAG AAC TGC G TUF 8F MTTUF 936-917 Fluorescein-GGC AKC AGG AAC GGC TTG TC TUF 15 MTTUF 1057-1039 aat tct aat acg act cac tat agg gAG AGC TTG GTC GTC GAT GGG CGA TUF 18 MTTUF 855-875 CCT CTG TCG AGG AAC TGA TGA TUF 20 MLTUF 977-958 aat tct aat acg act cac tat agg gAG AGG GTC GTC TGA CGA ATG CCG A TUF 22 MLTUF 781-801 AGT CTG TCA CAC AGT TGA TGG TUF 24 MLTUF 862-843 Digoxigenin-GGC ATC AGG AAC GGC TTG TC MTTUF 936-917 TUF 25 MLTUF 920-937 Biotin-GCG CGG CGT GGT CAA CGT^(@) MTTUF 994-1011 TUF 26 MLTUF 940-957 Ruthenium-ACG AGG AAG TTG AGA TCG MTTUF 1014-1031 TUF 27 ECTUF 756-737 aat tct aat acg act cac tat agg gAG AGC TGA GTC TCT TTG ATA CCA A TUF 28 ECTUF 560-580 CGA AAA TCC TGG AAC TGG CTG TUF 29 ECTUF 699-716 Biotin-ACG CGG TAT CAT CAA AGT TUF 30 ECTUF 719-736 Ruthenium-GTG AAG AAG TTG AAA TCG Abbreviations: ECTUF = E. coli EF-Tu gene sequence (GenBank accession number J01717) MTTUF = M. tuberculosis EF-Tu gene sequence (GenBank accession number X63539) MLTUF = M. leprae EF-Tu gene sequence (GenBank accession number D13869) I = Inosine, M = [A, C], K = [G, T], R = [A, G] ^(@)The sequence shown is homologous to MLTUF and not to MTTUF (where the underlined G is an A). TUF 15, 20 and 27 include the T7 promoter sequence which is shown in lower case. The promoter sequence is followed by a purine rich region (AGAG) which is shown in italics.

The published nucleotide sequences of the EF-Tu genes of M. tuberculosis (GenBank accession number X63539), M. leprae (GenBank accession number D13869), E. coli (GenBank accession number J01717), Micrococcus luteus (GenBank accession number M17788) and Streptomyces coelicolor (GenBank accession number X77039) were aligned using the software programme GCG (National Institute of Health, USA)) installed on appropriate hardware. Degenerative primers TUF4 and TUF7 (Table 2) were selected to amplify a 764 bp DNA fragment of the EF-Tu genes by PCR from all organisms listed in Table 1. PCR was performed using 75 mM Tris-HCl, pH9.0, 20 mM (NH₄)₂SO₄, 0.01% (v/v): Tween 20, 4 mM MgCl₂, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 125 ng of each primer and 1 U/reaction of Goldstar™ DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Belgium). PCR was initiated by incubation at 94° C. for 3 min followed by 35 cycles of 1.15 min at 94° C., 1 min at 55° C. and 2 min at 72° C. The generated PCR fragments of the DNA of the organisms listed in Table 1, except C.belfanti, H.influenza, S.aureus, S.pneumoniae and H.sapiens were purified using a MicroSpin™ Sephacryl™ 300 HR column (Pharmacia) to remove excess of primers. The purified fragments were sequenced directly using primers TUF 3F, 4F and 8F by applying the Autocycle Sequencing Kit (Pharmacia) and the A.L.F. automatic DNA sequencer (Pharmacia). Sequences were edited by using the DNASIS™ software programme (Pharmacia) and clustal alignments were then made using the PCGene software programme.

Selection of primers and probes. Table 3 shows the seven variable regions of the EF-Tu sequences which were defined based on the clustal alignments. From these variable regions it is possible to select primers and probes enabling species-specific detection of EF-Tu mRNA of different organisms (Table 4).

Table 5 shows the clustal alignments of two (region IV and VI) of the seven variable regions of the EF-Tu sequence on the basis of which the primers and probes were selected for specific amplification of M.tuberculosis, M.leprae and E.coli EF-Tu mRNA through NASBA The criteria to select these two areas were: the availability of species-specific primers, a genus-specific probe and a length of ±200 nucleotides of the fragment to be amplified.

TABLE 3 Seven variable regions on the EF-Tu sequences Position on the EF-Tu sequence (in bp) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Variable Region AC X63539 I. 673-703 II. 774-793 III. 820-823 IV. 852-871 V. 955-970 VI. 1039-1051 VII. 1123-1142

TABLE 4 Parts of the EF-Tu mRNA variable sequences which can be used for the selection of primers and/or probes enabling species-specific detection of EF-Tu mRNA from different organisms. Region Sequence Specific for I. AGTGGGTGTGCCCTACATCCTGGTAGCGCTG Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex GGTGGGTGTACCTTACATCCTGGTCGCACTT Mycobacterium leprae GGTCGGTGTGCCCTACATCCTGGTCGCGCTG Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis GGTCGGCGTGCCCGCCCTGCTCGTGGCCCTG Micrococcus luteus GGTCGGCGTTCCGTACATCGTGGTCGCCCTG Streptomyces coelicolor GGTTGGCGTTCCTTACATCCTCGTTGCTCTT Corynebacterium glutamicum GGTTGGCGTTCCTTACATCCTGGTTGCACTG Corynebacterium J. K. GGTAGGCGTTCCGTACATCATCGTGTTCCTG Eschericia coli, Nocardia asteroïdes and Klebsiella pneumoniae GGTAGGCGTTCCCTACATCGTCGTGTTCCTG Pseudomonas aeruginosa II. CTGCCCAGGAATTCGACGAG Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae CCGCCCAGGAGTTCGACGAG Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis CCGCCCAGGAGTTC Mycobacterium intracellulare TCTCAGTACGACTTCCCGGGC Eschericia coli TCTCAGTACGATTTCCCGGGC Nocardia asteroïdes and Klebsiella pneumoniae CCTCCAGGAGCTTCGACGTC Micrococcus luteus CTCCGAGTACGAGTTCCCGGGCGAC Streptomyces coelicolor CTGAGCAGGACTACGAC Corynebacterium glutamicum AACACCTACGACTTCCCGGGC Pseudomonas aeruginosa lII. GCTC Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium intracellulare ATTG Mycobacterium leprae TCTG Micrococcus luteus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Eschericia coli, Nocardia asteroïdes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Actinomyces israelii GCTG Pseudomonas aeruginosa IV. TTGCTCTGTCGAGGAACTGATGA Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex TTGCCTCTGTCGAGGAACTGATGA Mycobacterium tuberculosis (AC X63539) TCGAGTCTGTCACACAGTTGATGG Mycobacterium leprae TCAAGTCCGTCGAGGACCTCATGG Micrococcus luteus GCAACTCGGTCCTCGAGCTCATGA Streptomyces coelicolor GCAAGCAGATCCTTGAGCTCATGC Corynebacterium glutamicum TGGAGTCCGTCGAGCAG Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis AAGCGAAAATCCTGGAACTGGCTGGC Eschericia coli AAGCGAAAATC Nocardia asteroïdes and Klebsiella pneumoniae V. CATTACCGGCCGCGGA Mycobacterium tuberculosis TATCACCGGTCGTGGC Mycobacterium leprae VI. TCGGCATTCGCCCATCGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex TCGGCATTCGTCAGACGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium leprae TCGGCATCCGCCCGACCAGCACCAAG Mycobacterium intracellulare TCGGCATCCGCCCGTCCAGCACCAAG Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratubercuiosis TCGGCATCCGCCCGGAGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium smegmatis TTGGTATCAAAGAGACTCAGAAGT Eschericia coli TTGGTATCAAAGAGACCGCGAAAA Klebsiella pneumoniae TCGGCATCAAGGCGACCACCAAGA Pseudomonas aeruginosa CATTAAGCCGCCCAGCACCAAGA Mycobacterium scrofulaceum TCGGCATCCGTCCGACACCACCAAGA Mycobacterium kansasii VII. TGGTTTGCTGCTGCGGGGCG Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex TGGTCTGTTGTTGCGTGGCA Mycobacterium leprae CGGTCTGCTGCTGCGTGGTA Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis TGGTAACCTGCTGCGCTGGCA Pseudomonas aeruginosa CGGTCTGTTGCTCCGTGGCA Mycobacterium scrofulaceum CGGGTCTGTTTGCTGCGTGGTG Mycobacterium kansasii AGGTGTTCTGCTGCGCGGTA Eschericia coli AGGTGTTCTGCTGCGTGGTA Klebsiella pneumoniae

TABLE 5 Two clustal alignments (region IV and VI) of the variable regions of the EF-Tu sequence Number Species AC or Table 1 Sequence (Region IV) Mycobacterium tuberculosis X63539 TTGCCTCTGTC--GAGGAA--CT-GATGA Mycobacterium leprae D13869 TCGAGTCTGTC--ACACAG--TT-GATGG Micrococcus luteus M17788 TCAA----GTCCGTCGAGGACCT-CATGG Streptomyces coelicolor X77039 GCAACTCGGTCC-TCGAG---CT-CATGA Corynebacterium glutamicum X77034 GCAAG-CAGATC--CTTGAGC-T-CATGC Mycobacterium leprae 8 TCGAGTCTGTCA--AC Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 13 TTG---C--TCTGTCGAGGAACT-GAT Mycobacterium bovis 3,4 TTG---C--TCTGTCGAGGAACT-GAT Mycobacterium bovis BCG 5 TTG---C--TCTGTCGAGGAACT-GAT Mycobacterium avium 2 TGG---A-GTCCGTCGAGCAGCT-GAT Mycobacterium paratuberculosis 9 TGG---A-GTCCGTCGAGCAG Mycobacterium tuberculosis 12 TTG---C--TCTGTCGAGG Eschericia coli JO1717 AAGCGAAAATC---CTGGAACTGGCTGGC Eschericia coli 18 AAGCGAAAATC---CTGGAACTG Nocardia asteroïdes 22 AAGCGAAAATC Mycobacterium leprae D13869 TCGGCATTCGTCAGA-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium tuberculosis X63539 TCGGCATTCGCCCAT-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium bovis 4 TCGGCATTCGCCCAT-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium leprae 8 TCGGCATTCGTCAGA-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium intracellulare 6 TCGGCATCCGCCCGA-CCAGCACCAAG Mycobacterium bovis BCG 5 TCGGCATTCGCCCAT-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium tuberculosis 12 TCGGCATTCGCCCAT-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 13 TCGGCATTCGCCCAT-CGACCACCAAG Mycobacterium avium 2 TCGGCATCCGCCCGT-CCAGCACCAAG Mycobacterium paratuberculosis 9 TCGGCATCCGCCCGT-CCAGCACCAAG Mycobacterium smegmatis 11 TCGGCATCCGCCCGGA-GACCACCAAG Mycobacterium scrofulaceum 10 TCAGCATTAAGCCGC-CCAGCACCAAG Mycobacterium kansasii 7 TCGGCATCCGTCCGA-CACCACC-MG Eschericia coli 18 TTGGTAT----CAAAGAGA-CTCAGAAGT Klebsiella pneumoniae 20 TTGGTAT----CAAAGAGA-CCGCGAAAA 9Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23 TCGGCAT----CAAGGCGA-CCACCAAGA

Based on these alignments species-specific primers for the use in NASBA were selected for M.tuberculosis (TUF 15 and 18), for M.leprae (TUF 20 and 22) and for E.coli (TUF 27 and 28). A generic capture probe TUF 25 and detection probe TUF 26 were chosen for the detection of the mycobacterial RNA amplicons by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Probe TUF 25 is homologous to the EF-Tu sequence of M.leprae and not to that of M.tuberculosis; the difference is one nucleotide (G→A; see Table 2). However, this difference did not affect the detection of amplicons generated from RNA originating from M.tuberculosis. For the detection of E.coli RNA amplicons we used the specific capture and detection probes TUF 29 and TUF 30, respectively.

In region IV one nucleotide difference was found with the published sequence of EF-Tu of M.tuberculosis [GenBank accession number X63539]: in none of the strains belonging to the M.tuberculosis complex a C at position 855 was found. However, the primer position was chosen in such a way that this discrepancy would not influence the amplification reaction.

Example 3 Specificity and Sensitivity Testing of E.coli by Amplification of EF-Tu mRNA

Isolation of in vitro RNA.

A 764 bp fragment of the EF-Tu gene of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. leprae and E. coli (Table 1) was amplified via PCR using the primer set TUF 4 and TUF 7 (Table 2), as described above. The amplified product was cloned into the pCR II vector using the TA-cloning kit (Invitrogen) following the manufacture's instructions. Selection of the appropriate clone with the insert in the correct orientation, size and specificity was determined by restriction enzyme analysis and PCR.

After linearization of the plasmid with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Hind III, the cloned insert within the polylinker region was transcribed from the T7 promoter site using the SP6/T7 transcription kit (Boehringer, Mannheim). The DNA template was removed by digestion with RQI DNAse (Promega) and the RNA was purified by the RNeasy kit from Qiagen according the manufacturer's protocol. Purity was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis and Northern blotting with digoxigenine-labelled probe TUF 24 according to standard procedures. The in vitro RNA was quantified by measuring the extinction at 260 nm.

RNA Amplification

A 203, 197 and 198 nucleotide fragment of the EF-Tu mRNA of M.tuberculosis, M.leprae and E.coli, respectively, was amplified by the NASBA technique essentially as described before [Vliet, G. M. E. van der, Schepers, P., Schukkink, R. A. F., Gemen, B. van and Klatser, P. R. (1994) Assessment of mycobacterial viability by RNA amplification. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 1959-1965.]. The 20 μl reaction mix was composed of 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 12 mM MgCl₂, 70 mM KCl, 5 mM DTT, 1.5 M sorbitol, 2.1 mg BSA, 1 mM of each dNTP, 2 mM of ATP, CTP, UTP, 1.5 mM of GTP and 0.5 mM ITP, 15% (v/v) DMSO, 0.2 mM Primer 1 and Primer 2, 0.08 U RNase H, 32 U T7 RNA polymerase, 6.4 U AMV-RT polymerase and the RNA target. Isothermal amplification of the RNA target was performed by incubation of these samples at 41° C. for 2.0 h.

Detection of the amplified RNA was done by in-solution hybridization in the ECL detection assay, as described previously [Gemen, B. van, Beuningen, R van, Nabbe, A., Strip. D. van, Jurriaans, S., Lens, P., Kievits, T. (1994) A one tube quantitative HIV-I RNA NASBA nucleic acid amplification assay using electrochemiluminescent (ECL) labelled probes. J. Virol. Methods, 49, 1] with minor modifications: 5 μl of NASBA amplified RNA was either diluted 20-fold in RNase-free water or used undiluted. A 5′-biotinylated probe was used to capture the NASBA product. The detection probe used was tris [2,2-bipyridine] ruthenium [II] complex labelled. This label emits light as a result of chemical reactions taking place at the surface of an electrode. The cutoff value was set at 3000. The ECL detection assay was measured on a scale of 0 to 10⁸.

Controls for Amplification

Negative controls (water only) were included in each experiment in order to check for carry-over contamination during NA-extraction and amplification. These control samples were extracted and amplified by NASBA in the same manner as described above.

Sensitivity and Specificity of the Mycobacteria NASBA

For determination of the sensitivity of the NASBA, M.tuberculosis ATCC 35801 was grown in liquid Tween™ Albumin medium at 37° C. The concentration at the start of the culture was 8.10⁶ bacteria/ml. Growth of the bacteria was monitored by measuring the extinction at 420 nm. After 13 days of culture a sample was taken and diluted in lysis buffer [Boom, R., C. J. A. Sol, M. M. M. Salimans, C. L. Jansen, P. M. E. Wertheim-Van Dillen and J. Van der Noordaa (1990). Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic adds. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28, 495-503.]. Serial dilutions were made in lysis buffer, RNA purified [Boom, R., C. J. A. Sol, M. M. M. Salimans, C. L. Jansen, P. M. E. Wertheim-Van Dillen and J. Van der Noordaa (1990). Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28, 495-503.] and each dilution was tested in NASBA to determine the highest dilution still giving a positive NASBA signal. In addition the analytical sensitivity of NASBA was determined using serial dilutions of in vitro RNA (see above). The specificity of NASBA was determined using the purified RNA from different organisms (Table 1, see above).

Sensitivity and Specificity of the E.coli NASBA.

E.coli was grown in Luria Broth (LB) liquid medium at 37° C. for 18 h. The suspension thus obtained was inoculated in fresh medium (1:200)(OD 600 nm=0.015) and incubated at 37° C. in a gyrotory shaker for 3 h and 15 min (OD 600 nm=0.430). A serial dilution was made and mRNA was purified as described above. In addition, the same dilutions were plated onto LB agar plates which were incubated at 37° C. for 18 h after which colonies were counted.

The analytical sensitivity of NASBA was determined using serial dilutions of in vitro RNA (see above).

Results

Sensitivity of NASBA. The analytical sensitivity of NASBA using in vitro produced EF-Tu RNA is illustrated in FIG. 1a and 1 b. Both the M.tuberculosis NASBA and the M.leprae NASBA had a detection of 50 molecules of RNA (FIG. 1a). The detection limit of the M.tuberculosis NASBA when using bacteria as starting material for detection was 12,000 (result not shown).

The analytical sensitivity of the E.coli NASBA was shown to be 100 molecules (FIG. 1b). The detection limit of the E.coli NASBA when using bacteria as starting material for detection was 0.4 (result not shown).

Specificity of NASBA. The specificity of the M.tuberculosis NASBA and the M.leprae NASBA is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively.

The M.tuberculosis NASBA showed specificity for the RNA purified from bacteria belonging to the M.tuberculosis complex only. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the M.tuberculosis NASBA showed a positive reaction when homologous in vitro produced EF-Tu RNA was used as target.

The M.leprae NASBA showed specificity for M.leprae RNA only and its homologous in vitro produced RNA.

Example 4 Viability Testing of E.coli

E.coli was grown in LB liquid medium at 37 ° C. for 18 h. The suspension thus obtained was inoculated in fresh medium (1:100)(OD 600 nm=0.001) and incubated at 37° C. in a gyrotory shaker for 4 h. The suspension was then divided in two equal parts. To one part a cocktail of antibiotics was added to kill the bacteria: ampicillin, rifampicin and kanamycin (each 50 μg/ml); the other part was left untouched. Both were incubated at 37° C. for another 3 h and 30 min. Every 30 min the OD at 600 nm was monitored and a 100 sample from each culture was taken and added to 900 lysis buffer; mRNA was purified as described above). In addition, viability of the E.coli bacteria was monitored by overlaying a sample (100) onto LB agar plates. Colonies were counted after 18 h incubation at 37° C.

The NASBA signals increased and reached its maximum level when E.coli was left to grow untouched (FIG. 4). However, when antibiotics were added to the exponentially growing E.coli culture, the NASBA signal decreased 1 h after the addition of the antibiotics. This drop in mRNA concentration as measured by NASBA was coinciding with a decrease in the number of viable counts (FIG. 4).

                   #              SEQUENCE LIS #TING <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 95 <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 48 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(48) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Mycobacterium       tuberculosis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 1 aattctaata cgactcacta tagggagagc ttggtggtcg atgggcga   #                48 <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Mycobacterium       tuberculosis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 2 cctctgtcga ggaactgatg a            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 49 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(49) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Mycobacterium leprae       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 3 aattctaata cgactcacta tagggagagg gtcgtctgac gaatgccga   #               49 <210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Mycobacterium leprae       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 4 agtctgtcac acagttgatg g            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 49 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(49) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 5 aattctaata cgactcacta tagggagagc tgagtctctt tgataccaa   #               49 <210> SEQ ID NO 6 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 6 cgaaaatcct ggaactggct g            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 7 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae and M. tubercul o <400> SEQUENCE: 7 gcgcggcgtg gtcaacgt              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae and M. tubercul o <400> SEQUENCE: 8 acgaggaagt tgagatcg              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 19 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(19) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 9 cttggtggtc gatgggcga             #                   #                   #  19 <210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 10 ggtcgtctga cgaatgccga             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 11 ctgagtctct ttgataccaa             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Escherichia coli. <400> SEQUENCE: 12 acgcggtatc atcaaagt              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 13 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Oligonucleotide primer to # Escherichia coli. <400> SEQUENCE: 13 gtgaagaagt tgaaatcg              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 14 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 14 gtcggaagta gaactgcg              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 15 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 15 gaccccggca cgccgact              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 16 <211> LENGTH: 19 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(19) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 16 gacaagccgt tcctgtgcc             #                   #                   #  19 <210> SEQ ID NO 17 <211> LENGTH: 18 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(18) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 17 gtcggaagta gaactgcg              #                   #                   #  18 <210> SEQ ID NO 18 <211> LENGTH: 19 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(19) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 18 ggcacaggaa cggcttgtc             #                   #                   #  19 <210> SEQ ID NO 19 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide. <400> SEQUENCE: 19 ggcatcagga acggcttgtc             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 20 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis complex EF <400> SEQUENCE: 20 agtgggtgtg ccctacatcc tggtagcgct g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 21 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       laprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 21 ggtgggtgta ccttacatcc tggtcgcact t        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 22 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #Mycobacterium avium       and M. paratubercul o <400> SEQUENCE: 22 ggtcggtgtg ccctacatcc tggtcgcgct g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 23 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #Micrococcus luteus       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 23 ggtcggcgtg ccggccctgc tcgtggccct g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 24 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Streptomyces       coelicolor EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 24 ggtcggcgtt ccgtacatcg tggtcgccct g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 25 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Corynebacterium       glutamicum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 25 ggttggcgtt ccttacatcc tcgttgctct t        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 26 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Corynebacterium       J.K EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 26 ggttggcgtt ccttacatcc tggttgcact g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 27 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to E. coli, Nocardia       asteroides, and Kl e <400> SEQUENCE: 27 ggtaggcgtt ccgtacatca tcgtgttcct g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 28 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(31) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Pseudomonas       aeruginosa EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 28 ggtaggcgtt ccctacatcg tcgtgttcct g        #                   #           31 <210> SEQ ID NO 29 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis complex an <400> SEQUENCE: 29 ctgcccagga attcgacgag             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 30 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       avium and M. paratuber c <400> SEQUENCE: 30 ccgcccagga gttcgacgag             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 31 <211> LENGTH: 14 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(14) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       intracellulare EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 31 ccgcccagga gttc               #                   #                   #     14 <210> SEQ ID NO 32 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 32 tctcagtacg acttcccggg c            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 33 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Nocardia       asteroides and Klebsiella p n <400> SEQUENCE: 33 tctcagtacg atttcccggg c            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 34 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Micrococcus luteus       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 34 cctccaggag cttcgacgtc             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 35 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(25) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Streptomyces       coelicolor EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 35 ctccgagtac gagttcccgg gcgac           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 36 <211> LENGTH: 17 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(17) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Corynebacterium       glutamicum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 36 ctgagcagga ctacgac              #                   #                   #   17 <210> SEQ ID NO 37 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Pseudomonas       aeruginosa EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 37 aacacctacg acttcccggg c            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 38 <211> LENGTH: 4 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(4) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis complex, M <400> SEQUENCE: 38 gctc                  #                   #                   #              4 <210> SEQ ID NO 39 <211> LENGTH: 4 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(4) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 39 attg                  #                   #                   #              4 <210> SEQ ID NO 40 <211> LENGTH: 4 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(4) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Micrococcus       luteus, Streptomyces coe l <400> SEQUENCE: 40 tctg                  #                   #                   #              4 <210> SEQ ID NO 41 <211> LENGTH: 4 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(4) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Pseudomonas       aeruginosa EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 41 gctg                  #                   #                   #              4 <210> SEQ ID NO 42 <211> LENGTH: 23 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(23) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis complex EF <400> SEQUENCE: 42 ttgctctgtc gaggaactga tga           #                   #                 23 <210> SEQ ID NO 43 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis (AC X63539 <400> SEQUENCE: 43 ttgcctctgt cgaggaactg atga           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 44 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 44 tcgagtctgt cacacagttg atgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 45 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Micrococcus luteus       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 45 tcaagtccgt cgaggacctc atgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 46 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Streptomyces       coelicolor EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 46 gcaactcggt cctcgagctc atga           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 47 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Corynebacterium       glutamicum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 47 gcaagcagat ccttgagctc atgc           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 48 <211> LENGTH: 17 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(17) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       avium and M. paratuber c <400> SEQUENCE: 48 tggagtccgt cgagcag              #                   #                   #   17 <210> SEQ ID NO 49 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 49 aagcgaaaat cctggaactg gctggc           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 50 <211> LENGTH: 11 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(11) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Nocardia       asteroides and Klebsiella p n <400> SEQUENCE: 50 aagcgaaaat c               #                   #                   #        11 <210> SEQ ID NO 51 <211> LENGTH: 16 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(16) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 51 cattaccggc cgcgga              #                   #                   #    16 <210> SEQ ID NO 52 <211> LENGTH: 16 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(16) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 52 tatcaccggt cgtggc              #                   #                   #    16 <210> SEQ ID NO 53 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis complex EF <400> SEQUENCE: 53 tcggcattcg cccatcgacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 54 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 54 tcggcattcg tcagacgacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 55 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       intracellulare EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 55 tcggcatccg cccgaccagc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 56 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       avium and M. paratuber c <400> SEQUENCE: 56 tcggcatccg cccgtccagc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 57 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       smegmatis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 57 tcggcatccg cccggagacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 58 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 58 ttggtatcaa agagactcag aagt           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 59 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Klebsiella       pneumoniae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 59 ttggtatcaa agagaccgcg aaaa           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 60 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Pseudomonas       aeruginosa EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 60 tcggcatcaa ggcgaccacc aaga           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 61 <211> LENGTH: 23 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(23) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       scrofulaceum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 61 cattaagccg cccagcacca aga           #                   #                 23 <210> SEQ ID NO 62 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       kansasii EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 62 tcggcatccg tccgacacca ccaaga           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 63 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis complex EF <400> SEQUENCE: 63 tggtttgctg ctgcggggcg             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 64 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 64 tggtctgttg ttgcgtggca             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 65 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       intracellulare, M. avi u <400> SEQUENCE: 65 cggtctgctg ctgcgtggta             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 66 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Pseudomonas       aeruginosa EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 66 tggtaacctg ctgcgctggc a            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 67 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       scrofulaceum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 67 cggtctgttg ctccgtggca             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 68 <211> LENGTH: 22 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(22) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       kansasii EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 68 cgggtctgtt tgctgcgtgg tg            #                   #                 22 <210> SEQ ID NO 69 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 69 aggtgttctg ctgcgcggta             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 70 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Klebsiella       pneumoniae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 70 aggtgttctg ctgcgtggta             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 71 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 71 ttgcctctgt cgaggaactg atga           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 72 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 72 tcgagtctgt cacacagttg atgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 73 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Micrococcus luteus       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 73 tcaagtccgt cgaggacctc atgg           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 74 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Streptomyces       coelicolor EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 74 gcaactcggt cctcgagctc atga           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 75 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Corynebacterium       glutamicum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 75 gcaagcagat ccttgagctc atgc           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 76 <211> LENGTH: 14 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(14) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 76 tcgagtctgt caac               #                   #                   #     14 <210> SEQ ID NO 77 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(21) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis H37Rv, M. <400> SEQUENCE: 77 ttgctctgtc gaggaactga t            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 78 <211> LENGTH: 22 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(22) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       avium EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 78 tggagtccgt cgagcagctg at            #                   #                 22 <210> SEQ ID NO 79 <211> LENGTH: 17 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(17) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       paratuberculosis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 79 tggagtccgt cgagcag              #                   #                   #   17 <210> SEQ ID NO 80 <211> LENGTH: 14 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(14) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 80 ttgctctgtc gagg               #                   #                   #     14 <210> SEQ ID NO 81 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 81 aagcgaaaat cctggaactg gctggc           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 82 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(20) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 82 aagcgaaaat cctggaactg             #                   #                   # 20 <210> SEQ ID NO 83 <211> LENGTH: 11 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(11) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Nocardia       asteroides EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 83 aagcgaaaat c               #                   #                   #        11 <210> SEQ ID NO 84 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 84 tcggcattcg tcagacgacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 85 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       tuberculosis and M. bo v <400> SEQUENCE: 85 tcggcattcg cccatcgacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 86 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       leprae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 86 tcggcattcg tcagacgacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 87 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       intracellulare EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 87 tcggcatccg cccgaccagc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 88 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacteriu       m bovis BCG, M. tubercul o <400> SEQUENCE: 88 tcggcattcg cccatcgacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 89 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       avium and M. paratuber c <400> SEQUENCE: 89 tcggcatccg cccgtccagc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 90 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       smegmatis EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 90 tcggcatccg cccggagacc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 91 <211> LENGTH: 26 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(26) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       scrofulaceum EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 91 tcagcattaa gccgcccagc accaag           #                   #              26 <210> SEQ ID NO 92 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(25) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Mycobacterium       kansasii EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 92 tcggcatccg tccgacacca ccaag           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 93 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Escherichia coli       EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 93 ttggtatcaa agagactcag aagt           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 94 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Klebsiella       pneumoniae EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 94 ttggtatcaa agagaccgcg aaaa           #                   #                24 <210> SEQ ID NO 95 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature <222> LOCATION: (1)..(24) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Synthetic oligonucleotide  #to Pseudomonas       aeruginosa EF-Tu. <400> SEQUENCE: 95 tcggcatcaa ggcgaccacc aaga           #                   #                24 

We claim:
 1. A method for assessing mycobacterial viability, comprising the steps of amplifying a target containing mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu, determining the presence and/or amount of said mRNA, and assessing mycobacterial viability based on the determination of the presence and/or amount of said mRNA.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said amplification reaction is a transcription based amplification reaction.
 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transcription based amplification reaction is NASBA.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amplified mRNA is detected with a complementary labeled probe.
 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the probe is provided with an electro-chemiluminescent label.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Mycobacteriae species are M. tuberculosis or M. leprae.
 7. A method for assessing the viability of M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, comprising the steps of amplifying EF-Tu mRNA with a pair of oligonucleotides selected from the group consisting of: (a) an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO:1 that hybridize with mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu and an oligonucleotide consisting of at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:2 to assess the viability of M. tuberculosis; (b) an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO:3 that hybridize with mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu and an oligonucleotide consisting at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:4 to assess the viability of M. leprae; and (c) an oligonucleotide comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence according to SEQ ID NO:5 that hybridize with mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu and an oligonucleotide consisting of at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:6 to assess the viability of E. coli; detecting the presence and/or amount of said mRNA; and assessing bacterial viability based on the detection of the presence and/or amount of said mRNA.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said detection step is conducted using a sandwich hybridization assay and the viability of M. tuberculosis or M. leprae is assessed with a capture probe comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 7 that hybridize with mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu and a labeled detection probe consisting of at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:
 8. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said detection step is conducted using a sandwich hybridization assay and the viability of E. coli is assessed with a capture probe comprising at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 12 that hybridize with mRNA coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu and a labeled detection probe consisting of at least 10 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO
 13. 